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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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REPORT OF THE TENTH EXmBITIOX 



CHICAGO 



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"WIGWAM" IN CHICAGO, 



SEi=TBXwa:aBE:i^, iseo. 



CHICAGO : 
PRESS AND TRIBUNE BOOK AND JOB PRINTINa HOUSE, 51 CLARK STRBIT. 

I860. 



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1 C X O « 

OFFICERS. 



WM. W. BOYINGTON, President, 



0. H. McCoRMiCK, Vice-President, 

H. D. French, Recording Sec'y, 



Lyman Bridges, Corresponding Scc'yy 
W. B. HiBBARD, Treasurer. 



L 



DIRECTORS. 



E. Hamilton, D. A. Gage, J. M. Loomis, Jas. Hollingswortii, 

N. S. BouTON, D. D. Driscoll, C. H. Jordan, C. L. DuBois. 



REFORT. 



I'he Board of Directors of the " Chicago Mechanics' Institute," acting also as 
the Board of Managers for the Tenth Exhibition, respedfidly report : 

That the Tenth Exhibition opened, at the "Wigwam," on Tuesday evening, 
August 28th, and closed on Saturday, Sept. 8th, 1860. During the continuance 
of the Exhibition, the Board have been pleased with the spirit of conciliation man- 
ifested alike by exhibitors and by those officially connected with the various 
Departments. And it is gratifying to state, that this is owing in no slight degree, 
to the efficient man:igement of our Superintendent, James Hollingsworth, 
Esq., and his no less active assistant, Charles M. Gray, Esq. The quality 
of the various products of Industry, exhibited on the present occasion, evinced 
a decided improvement over any former display ; and furnishes additional evi- 
dence, that the stimulus afforded by great Industrial gatherings like this, is most 
efficient in producing that well-directed competition, which is never satisfied 
short of perfection, and which is destined to carry our country — under proper 
encouragement — to the highest rank in Commerce and Industry. The opening 
Address was delivered by our distinguished fellow-citizen, Prof. J. V. Z. Blaney, 
— an able and eloquent production, rich with historical facts and the suggestions 
of a thinking mind, a verbatum copy of which accompanies this report. 

The Board take this occasion to express their obligations to the Judges of 
the different Classes, for the careful and unprejudiced manner in which they 
have discharged their several duties ; well understanding, that while their task 
is one of peculiar delicacy and great importance to the Public, it is too apt to 
be a thankless one. 

The Board have, in accordance with the Reports of the Judges, awarded 
special Cash Preaiiums to the amount of $183.00, 101 Silver Medals, 162 
Diplomas, and 60 Certificates of Commendation. 

In presenting this Report the Board have complied with a very general wish 
of the Exhibitors, and have followed a long-established precedent of the most 
prominent similar Associations in the Country. 

In conclusion, the Board congratulate the Institute upon the success of this, 

their Tenth Exhibition. The. encouragement has been all that could reasonably 

have been anticipated. Aad- whi'e they trust that the Institute will continue 

by its judicious management to augment, as far as possible, the advantages and 

'*^ benefits of these occasions, to Contributors and to the Public, they are assured 

that in a community like ours, well directed efforts for rational progress and the 

welfare of our fellow men, will never go unrewarded. 

All of which is respectfuUv submitted by the 

BOARD OF MANAGERS. 



COPY OF THE CIRCULAR ISSUED BY THE MANAGERS. 



TJie Mechanics' Instituie, of Chicago, announce to the public that their Tenth An- 
nual Fair and Exhibition for tlie encouragement of Manufactures and 3fechanic Arts, 
will be held at the ''''Wigwam,^^ in Chicago, commencing on Tuesday evening, August 
2S^/i, and closing Thursday, September Mh, 1860. 

In thus announcing our Tenth Exhibition, we earnestly desire that the whole 
subject, together with its bearing upon the interests of industry generally, and 
more especially upon the welfare of the Agriculturist, the Manufacturer, the 
Artisan, and Mechanic, may be fully. known and appreciated. 

The demand for improvement in all of the said departments of Industry and 
Art, is continually heard, and from every town and village in every part of the 
land, the response to the call comes up, showing that the inventive genius of our 
countrymen, is becoming every year more and more active. Past success war- 
rants us in the belief that no better course can be devised for the furtherance of 
their great interests, than one which thus brings together the varied productions 
of Industry, Skill, Science and Taste. 

Possessing also the facilities for displaying those productions to the best ad- 
vantage, (the " Wigwam " being the largest building, we believe, ever used in 
this country for a Fair, except the " Crystal Palace,") and assuring those inter- 
ested that full justice shall be done to every one, so far as our best endeavors 
may avail, we hope our friends who have heretofore been contributors, and all 
others, will lend us the aid of their influence and good will on the present 
occasion. 

The undersigned, therefore, being vested with full power to make all necessary 
arrangements, do most respectfully invite and solicit Manufacturers, Artists and 
Mechanics, — all who may have invented or improved any useful machine or 
implement, or who have achieved any discovery in Science or Art, to offer for 
exhibition and premium, articles in every department of labor and skill which 
can in any way minister to the improvement or comforf of mankind. 

Gentlemen of character and standing, and of competent knowledge, will be 
selected judges; who will, in no case, be compet'tors for awards. 

We do not wish to confine the operations of this exhibition to Chicago or 
Illinois only ; but as mechanic interests affect the wkole country's prosperity, so 
let all unite in this field of competition, and p.-^ose'^that industrial capacity is 
confined to no particular localit)'. 

Adopted by the Board of Managers, Friday evening, June 22d, 1860. 

JAS. HOLLINGSWORTII, 

iSujyt. of the Fair and Exhibition. 



RULES A.asrr> i?-eq^tjij-a.tion"s 

OF THE 

TENTH EXHIBITION OF THE CHICAGO MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. 



The following Rules toill, in all cases, be strictly adhered to and enforced: 

1st. The Hall will be open for the reception of goods from Thursday morning, 
August 21st, until the evening of Tuesday, August 28th. On the evening of the 
28th of August, the Exhibition will be formally opened for the reception of 
visitors, and will be continued day and evening until the 6th of September. 
The Hall will be opened from nine o'clock A. M. to ten o'clock P. M. 

2nd. No article deposited after Tu sday evening, August 28th, can be entered 
on the Judges' li.<t for compftition or premium, except such as the Committee 
shall be faiisfied were dispatched from a distance in time to reach the Hall by 
that day, but failed from unavoidable detention. 

3d. Articles designed for exhibition and not competition, will be received 
until Tuesd ty evening, August 28th, after which time depositors will be subject 
to a charge of two dollars. 

4th. Minors exhibiting will be required to furnish evidence that they are the 
makers or inventors of the articles they exhibit ; and if apprentices, to furnish 
a certificate from their employers of the time they may have served at the 
business. 

oth. All articles deposited for competition or premium must be of American 
manufacture, conspicuously labelled with appropriate names — the name of the 
maker or inventor, if known, and the name o' the depositor — a copy of which 
label must be furnished the Clerk at the time of bringing the goods for entry 
on record. The Directors reserve the right to charge the depositor for extra 
space. 

6th. Each depositor, not a member of the Institute, on the payment of one 
dollar, will receive a ticket which will admit him at all regular hours of the 
Exhibition, and will also serve as an evidence of ownership of the articles 
exhibited, and must be returned when the art cles are withdrawn. 

Vth. No article can b removed from the Exhibition until its close, without 
permission of the Superintendent. 

8ih. Whenever the articles will admit, the contributors are requested to 
exhibit th' ir goods in glass cases. 

9th. The management of the Exhibition will be under the charge of a general 
Superintendent, who shall have power to assign places for the proper display of 
all contributions. 

10th. The Judges will be appointed prior to the 28th of August, and the 
hours from seven to nine o'clock A. M. of each day will be appropriated exclu- 
sively to them, so t'lat they may exnmine the articles; therefore, no owner, 
agent, depositor or visitor will be admitted to the Hall, unless tht- Judges require 
some explanations, in which case all competitors in the same class shall be 
notified to attend. 

11th. All articles on exhibition will be at the risk of the owners, who are 
expected to be present during the hours of exhibition ; and the Directors will 
use every effort for their preservation, by the employment of a police force to 
preserve order and enforce the regulations of the Directors, and also a night 
watch. 

12tli. Articles of every kind in the useful, ornamental and fine arts, will be 
received on exhibition, except gunpowder and fireworks. 

13th. Members of the Chicago Mechanics' Institute, who shall have paid up 
their dues, will receive a season ticket free for themselves and one li^dy to the 
Exhibition, when open to the public. Members will make application to the 
Secretary of the Institute, who will furnish the necessary Tickets. 

(A person, on becoming a Member of the Institute, is entitled to all the privi- 
leges of the Library and Reading Room, Scientific Lectures, School of Drawing 
and Designing. Terms of membership, |2 per year. Initiation fee. Si.) 

Neither Members' nor Exhibitors' tickets are transferable. If found in the 
hands of any but the rightful owner, the ticket will be forfeited. 



REPORTS OF THE JUDGES. 



Reports of the Judges upon the various articles on exhibition at the Tenth 
Exhibition of the Chicago Mechanics' Institute, chissified under their proper 
heads, with the names of the Judges and the awards of the Committee on 
Premiums. (In most cases Avhere no competition exists, a Diploma indicates 
First Premium.) 

CLASS I. 

The Judges on Class L report as follows: we award to-^ 

1. Collection of Farm Products. J. F. Powell. Diploma. 

2. Patent Corn Plow. Francis Davis, Lima, Ohio. Certificate. 

4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Collection of Agricultural Utensils. John Turner. Certificate. 
9, 10. Best Egg Plant and Peppers. W. Justice. Diploma. 

12. Hor-e Corn Planter. M. A. Ho well, Jr. Medal. 

14. Sausage Stuifer. Hooker & Jones. Diploma, 

15 to 21. JSorticultural Implements. Hooker & Jones. Certificate. 

25, 26 Plows and Cultivators. Fur-t & Bradley. Diploma. 

2*7. Machine for Raking and Load ng Hay. (Mod^l ) Wm. Dixon. (No 
competition.) Diploma. This machine is simple in its construction, 
ingeniously adapted to the purpose designed, and looks as though it 
would do all its inventor claims for it. 

28, Stowell's Eve'green Corn. D. S. Dunning. Diploma. 

29. Mexicau Potatoes. D. S. Dunning, Medal. 
31. Horse Power. A. Adams & Co. Diploma, 

86. Collection of Agricultural Implements. W. H. Kritsinger. Medal. 

37. BEST COLLECTION OF GARDEN VEGET- 
ABLES. GAGE BROS. & DRAKE, Tremont 

House Gardens. Special Premium, S20. 
39. Coulter and Mole for Mole Ditching. Wilber, Emery & Co. Medal. 
41, 42, 43, 47. Best varieties of Potatoes, Onions, Squash and Tomatoes. J. 

F. Powell. Medal. 
50. Four Row Corn Dropper. C. G. Udell. (No competition.) Certificate. 

52. Fanning Mill. F. H. Manny, (No competition.) Diploma. 

53. Best Floral Collection. Charles Rtipsig. Special Premium, $20. 

54. Collection Green House Plants. Charles Reissig. (No competition.) 

Diploma. 
65, 56. Table and Hand Bouquets. Charles Reissig. Diploma, 
57. Sausage StuflTer. F, Letz. Medal. 
60, 61,^ Baskets of Flowers and Bouquets. G. A. Blumenshien. Special 

Premium, $3. 

62. Best Collection of Garden Plants and Bouquets. Mrs. W. S. Steele, 

Evanston. Medal. 

63. Sweet Corn and Beans. W. S. Steele, Evanston. Certificate. 

65. Best Variety of Apples. J. Pcrriam. Special Premium ($5) and Medal. 

66, 67, 69, 72, Best Collertion of Grapes {(frown out doors)^ Sweet Potatoes, 

Honey and Dahlias. J. Perriam. Medal. 



A new tHai was grar.Ced to the following: 

3. COPuN SEPARATOR. L. A. BEEBE, 116 State 

St. CertiHcate. 
22. Corn Sheller. i ' M. Cooke. Diploma. 
82. Corn Sheller. -<( Adams & Co. Medal. 



JONATHAN PERRIAM,"] 

C. M. GRAY, 

P. S. PETERSON, 

H. WITBECK, 

W. J. ELLENWOOD, 



Committee, 



CLASS 11. 

The Judges on Class It. report as follows : 

Your Committee, appointed for the purpose of examining into the merits of 
the numerous and various articles exhibited at the Tenth Annual Fair of our In- 
stitute, under the head of "Class II.," have the honor herewith to present the 
following, as the result of their deliberations, having given, as they believe, a 
fair and impartial examination to eoch article enumerated in the above class. 

In the case of several articles in Class II., the Committee were unable to get any 
information in regard to the peculiarity of the same, and do not therefore feel 
competent to pass any opinion as to their merits. 

The high degree of excellence exhibited in the numerous Sewing Machines, 
both as regards their general construction and superiority of sewing, made it a 
matter of some difficulty for the Committee to arrive at a decision. This was 
more especially the case with the machines of Messrs. Wheeler & Wilson, Grover 
& Baker, and I. M. Singer & Co., which were found to be nearly, if not quite, 
alike pre-eminent in all that pertains to sewing. 

In the examination of Scales, it was found not unlike that of the Sewing 
Machines, there being much to appreciate in those exhibited by Messrs. Dicker- 
son and Hitchcock ; but as the Committee were appointed to make selections, 
they have done so to the best of their judgment, the following being their 
decisions : we award to 

1. Sewing Machine. W. B. Young & Co. Diploma. 

2. Sewing Machine. Wheeler & Wilson. Medal. 

8. Water Wheel. Talcot & TInderhill — Palmer & Plamondon, Agents. Di- 
ploma. 
4. Steam Governor and Throttle Valve. Johnson & Emerson — Palmer & Plam- 
ondon, Agents. Certificate. 
6. Portable Flour and Corn Bolts and Chest. Palmer & Plamondon. Cer- 
tificate. 
11. Metalic Window Blinds. Bolter & Chenoworth. Certificate. 
16. Stave Sawing Machine. Hurlburt & Doane. Medal. This Machine is a 
new invention, ingeniously cotitrived, and makes most complete and 
beautiful work, and is a great saving on other machines in economy 
of material. We award the first premium. 
IT. Barrel Head Rounding Machine. (No competition.) W* H* Doane. Di- 
ploma. 
21. Revolving Iron Shutters. Letz & Johnson. Diploma. 

25. Aiken's Family Knitting Machine. Louise Walther. Diploma. 

26. Marine Steam Engine, (on Tug). Henry Warington. Diploma. 

27. Rotary Wood Planer, (model). H. S. Ingraham. Diploma. 

28. Ericsson's Caloric Steam Engine. Higgins, Mowry & Co. Diploma. 

31. Quartz Crusher. '' " Certificate. 

32. Portable Engine. " " Diploma. 
34. Brass Casting?. (No competition.) Fullager & Smeeth. Diploma. 



' / 

8 

^5. Car Couplings. R. S. Potter. Medal. / 

36. Coupling Chair. " Certificate. '■ 

8*7. Cast Iron Work of Sherman House. N, S. Bonton. , Diploma. 

38. Power Mortising Machine. H. B. Smith — W. K. Manning, Agent. Medal. 

39. Foot " " " 7 '^ " 

40. Sash Moulding »< « 4r u u 

41. No. 2 " " " " '■ " " 

42. No. 1 " " " " " " 

43. Blind Stile Boring and Staple Driving Machine. H, B. Smith — W. K. Man- 

ning, Agent. Special, $10. 

44. "Wodworth's Planing and Matching Machine. J. A. Woodbury — W. K. 

Manning, Agent. Medal. 
45 — 47. Mill Saws. E. Hunt. (No competition.) Diploma. 
49. Sewing Machine. Chicago Sewing Machine Co. Certificate. 
51. Glass Cutting Machine. (No competition.) John Hervey. Diploma. 
54. Cast Iron Statue. Letz & Johnston. Certificate. 
59. Tuere Iron. C. G. Hartman. Certificate. 

60to69. PLATFORM, HAY and COUNTER SCALES. 
(No competition.) T. S. DICKERSON, Agt., 45 Wabash 
Avenne. Medal. 

70. Up-etting, Cutting, Punching & Swedging Machine. 0. Foster. Certificate. 

71. Anchor Drop. G. W. Hannis. Diploma. 

72. Roger & Wood's Patent Car Spring. J. H. Moore. Certificate. 

73. Governing Valve. James McCamman. Diploma. 

74. Locomotive " Black Hawk." G. & C. U. R. R. Medal. 
76. Quartz Crusher. W. H. & I. Scoville. Medal. 

78. Equalizing Champfer and Crozing Machine. (No competition.) W. H. 

Doane. Diploma. 

79. Stationary Steam Engine. Walworth, Hubbard & Co. Diploma. 

80. Brass and Iron, Gas and Steam Fittings. Walworth, Hubbard & Co. 
Certificate. 

81. Worthington's Duplex Steam Pump. Walworth, Hubbard & Co. Medal. 

88. C. W. Brown's Patent Portable Grist Mill. T. W. BAXTER, 

"West Water, foot of West Washington. Medal. 

89. Smut Mill and Separator. T. W. BAXTER Medal. 

90 to 99. BEST COLLECTION OF MILL FURNISH- 
ING- G-OODS. T. W. BAXTER & CO., W. Water 

foot of W. Washington. Diploma. 
94. Water and Alarm Gauge. T. W. B.ixter & Co. Certificate. 

100. Grain Dryer and Cooler, (model.) (No competition.) Joseph Souter. 

Diploma. 

101. Steam Fire Engine TMtle Giant. Amoskiag Manufncturing Co. Medal. 

106. PORK PACKER AND SCALE FRAME. S. S. 
HITCHCOCK, S. Canal corner W. Washington. 

Medal. The Frame, which is placed upon the Platform, is an excellent 
arrangement, and of utility. 
114. Condensing Engine, Water Works Morgan Iron Works, N. Y. Medal. 

116. Re-Sawing Machine. (No competition.) W. H. Doane. Diploma. 

117. McCormick's Reaper. (No competition.) C. H. McCormick. Diploma. 

118. Sugar Mill. P. W. Gates & Co. Diploma. 

119. Manifest Presses. P. W. Gates & Co. Certificate. 

120. Sleeping Car. Case and Sutherland. Medal. 

121. Passenger, Cattle and Grain Car. M. C. R. R. Co. Diploma. 

All of which is respectfully submit' cd, 

D. C. CREGIER, 

U. P. HARRIS, 

H. P. MOSES, yCommUke. 

EDWARD II. WILLIAMS, 

C. T. BOGGS, 



9 
CLASS III. 

The Judges on class III. report as follows: we award to — 

1. Ornamental Sign on "Wood. L. Regan. Diploma. 

2. Patent. Spring Bed. R. N. McQueen. Dip'oraa. 

3. Best Rosewood Chamber Sett. Shearer, Paine & Strong. Diploma. 
0. Fresco Painting. Jcvne k. Almini. Medal. 

6 and 7. Graining in Oak and Rosewood. Jevne & Almini. Special pre- 
mium, $10. 

8. Mahogany Writing Desk. Hubbard Blocks. Certificate. 

9. Historical Arm Chair. Augustus W. Meuller. Medal. 
10. B'St Ros-^wood Writing Desk. A.L.Hale. Diploma. 

14. Parquet Flooring. C. Schurz. (No competition.) Diploma. 

15 to 19. Best Parlor Furniture. Caleb Morgan, 199 Lake 

Street. Diploma. 

21. Patent Flower Stand. H. J. Coster. (No competition.) Diploma. 

22. Slicking Spring Bed Bottom. Pinney & Speer. Medal. 

24. Whipple's Patent Sparing Bed. McQueen & Allen. Certificate. 

Respectfully submitted, 

L. W. YOLK, ) 

J. F. HUTCHINGS,^ Committee. 

C. A. LAMB, ) 



CLASS IV. 

The Judges on Class IV. report as follows: 

OIL PAINTINGS. This Department is very extensive, and your committee 
find several specimens that possess real merit, yet the larger portion on exhibition 
have few chiims to artistic worth. Among the former we would mention one by 
Mrs. M iry A. Townsend, one by Mrs. W. D. Blain, one by Mrs. M. A. Bust, one 
by E. Eastman ; hIs^*, two exhibited by J. G. Beardsley, and one by Joseph Keitz, 
the Artists being unknown to the judges. 

Among the young Artists who have had little or no instruction, and who are 
worthy of encouragement, are the follo\ung: 0. A. Barnes, John White, J. F. 
Gookins and Mrs. W H. Bridgeman. Although their specimens do not possess 
a high degree of merit when judged by a high standard of art, still they exhibit 
a genius for painting, whirh if cultivated, may one day give to the possessors a 
name among the best artists of the land. In closing the report on Oil Paintings, 
your Committee would mention one deposited by Julian Kune, Esq., which at- 
tracted much notice as a work of art. And also from the fact of its age, it 
being some two hundred vears old. 

PENCIL AND CRAYON DRAWINGS. This department is also quite exten- 
sive, most of the exhibitors being from 14 to 16 years of age, who indicate much 
genius for drawing. We award to — 

2. Photographs in Oil. G. W. Watson. Diploma. 

B. Enameled Pictures on Glass. C. Flammer. Diploma. 

5. Illustrated and Ornamental Wood Engraving. F. H.Brown. Medal. 

8. Pencil Drawing. C. A. Warner. Certificate, 

9. Plain and Ornamental Card Writing. A. Kidder. Medal. 

11. Ornamental B mners. Jevne & Almini. Diploma. 

12. Pencil Drawing. John Cowper. Certificate. 

13. " " Map of Italy. J. S. Jacobus. Certificate. 

14. " " Frank Cogger. 

15. Photographs in Oil. WallisBros. Medal. 

16. Ivorytypes " " Diploma. 
19. Pencil Drawing. E. Eagan. Certificate. 



10 

21. Mechanical and Ornamental Wood Engraving. W. D. Baker. Medal. 

25. Tinted Drawings. E. Whitefield. Diploma. 

26, 27. Paintings on Silk and Linen. M'S. E. Whitefield. Diploma. 

29. Card Writing. A. T. Selover. Diploma. 

30. Pencil Drawing. Edwin Walker. Certificate. 

32. " " A. L. Leadbeat^r. Diploma. 

33. Embossed, Gilded and Painted Signs on Glass, Otto 

Stietz, 58 S. Wells St. Med.i. 

36. Crayon Drawing. Mrs. C, A. Lamb. Certificate. 

39. Pastel Paintings. Mr. & Mrs. G. S. Lacy. (No competition.) Diploma. 

44. Photographic Views of Chicago and other Photographic views. W. 

Shaw. Medal. 

45, 46. Bronze Statuary and Ornaments. Bowen Bros., 

72 Lake Street. Diploma. 

49. Business Penmanship. Bryant & Stratton. Medal. 

51. Pencil Drawing. E. Whitefie'd. Certificate. 

52. Plain Photographs. C. W Florence. Mtdal. 

53. Vase of Wax Flowei-s and Table ornamented with Leather. Lizzie Bax- 

ter. Medal. 
58 to 62. Busts of Douglas, Lincoln, L N. Arnold, Picv. Dr. Patterson and 

Randolph Ptogers, also the Statuette of Douglas. L. W. Volk, Sculptor. 

Medal. Although there was no competition in this depaitment of the 

Fine Arts, the Committee take great pleasure in awarding to Mr. Volk 

the highest premium. 
66. Pencil Drawings. A. Hawkey. Diploma. 

68. Die Sinking and Plate Engraving. T. J. Day, 65 S. 
Clark Street. Diploma. 

69. Engraving on Glass. L. A. Hamblen & Co., 49 State Street. Medal. 

70. Marble Statuary. Joseph Meeker. Diploma, 

74. Crayon Drawing. Mr. and Mrs. G. S. Lacy. Certificate. 

75. Italian Painting. " *' " Diploma. 

79. Best Water Color Photographs. Mrs. S. M. Fassett. Medal. 

80. Ivory types. Fassett & Cook. Medal. 

81. Photographs, India Ink. Fassett & Cook. Diploma. 
83. Signs, Painted on Glass. W. Merhle. Diploma. 

J. D. WEBSTER, ) 

S. H. KERFOOT, [ Committee. 

DR. S. C. BLAKE, ) 



CLASS V. 

Judges on Class V. report as follows : Of all articles on exhibition in this Class, 
no two, strictly speaking, come in competition, so that our awards cannot properly 
be made as premiums : we award to — 

3. Rotary Wood Planer (Model.) H. S. Ingraham. Diploma. 

4. Sash Lock and Weather Strip. John Clark & Son. Certificate. 

5. Fine Exhibition of Sawed Shingles. W. B. Bateham. (No competition.) 

Diploma. 

6. House Roofing. W. B. Bateman. (No competition.) Diploma. 

8 and 9. Tin and Slate Roofing. P. F. Sheskin. (No competition.) Cer- 
tificate. 
10. Ventilator. P. F. Sheskin. (No competition.) Diploma. 

Most respectfully submitted, 

L. L. BOND. ) 

ISAAC SPEER,V Commiitce. 

G. W. NOBLE, ) 



11 

CLASS VI. 

Judges on Class VI. report as follows : 

1. Miuble Mantel. ♦ J. E. Cassidy. Diploma. 

2, 3, and 4. Imitation of Marble on Slate. Hydeville Marble Company. (No 

competition.) I. K. Gardner, Agent. Diploma. 

6. Marble Mantel. Sherman & Pricket. Medal. 

7. Silexian or Imitation Marble. E. Jennings, Agent, Diploma. 

M. C. STERXS, ) 

L. W. VOLK, [ Committee. 

S. H. KERFOOT,) 



CLASS VIL 

The Judges on Class Til. report as follows : we award to — 

1. LOCOMOTIVE HEAD LIGHT, with new and im- 

portant Improvements. L. A. HAMBLEN & CO. 

47 and 49 State Street. Special Premium, 820. 

2. HAND AND SIGNAL LANTERNS, Superior 

Workmanship. L. A. HAMBLEN & CO., 47 and 

49 State Street. (No competition.) Diploma. 

3. SILVER PLATED WARE, Large and Fine Assort- 

ment on white Metal. L. A. HAMBLEN & CO., 
47 and 49 State Street. Medal. 

4. METAL SPUN WORK. L. A. HAMBLEN & CO. 

(No competition.) Diploma. 

5 and 6. COACH AND FIRE ENGINE LAMPS, Fine 
Assortment. (Xo competition.) L. A. HAMBLEN & 
CO., 47 and 49 State Street. Diploma. 

7. Fancy Hair Work. Mrs, M. C. Lidd. Certificate. 

8. Hair Jewelry. H. Ohswoldt. Diploma. 

9. Wigs, Toupees and Ornamental Hair Work. H. Ohswoldt. Diploma. 

10. Hair and Hair Jewelry, Large Variety and Superior Workmanship. 

Cainpbell & Moore. Medal. 

11. Gas Fixtures and Glass Globes. H. M. Wilmarth. Diploma. 

12. Kerosene and Oil Lamps. H. M. Wilmarth. Diploma. 

14, 15, 16. Kerosene, Oil and Gas Lamps and Reflectors. C. L. Xoble. Medal. 

17. P^ancy Hair Work. Miss Abbie L. Stevens. Medal. 

18. Silver Plated Ware. A. Jeager & Co. Certificate. 

19 and 20. Portable Gas Light and Gas Regulator. S, D. Baldwin. (Xo com- 
petition.) Diploma. 

21. SILVER PLATED TEA SETT, with new improve- 

ments as to protection against melting by heat. 
BOWEN BROTHERS, 72 Lake Street Medal. 

22, 23, 24, 25 and 26. ONE CASE OF SILVER PLATED 

"WARE, comprising every article for table use. 
BOWEN BROTHERS, 72 Lake Street. Diploma. 
2S. GAS FIXTURES & GLASS GLOBES. BROWN 
& WILDER, 47 and 49 State Street, ^edai. 

30. A Beautiful Landscape Picture, in Hair, made in Germany, and placed on 

Exhibition by Dr. E. H. Williams. 

31. Ornamental Hair Work. Mrs. R. L. Hyde. Diploma. 

32 and 33. Sell-Moving Clocks. Adolph Candler. (No competition.) Diploma. 

Respectfully submitted, L. NOWLIN, ^ 

ISAAC SPEER, ' ^ 

D A FOOT ' ^'''^'^**"^^- 

W. A. HENI)RIE,J 



12 
CLASS VIII. 

The Judges on Class VIII. report as follows: we award to — 

1. Optical Instruments. Louis Mau-JS. Diploma. 

2. Microscopes and Telescope?. Louis Mauss. MedaL 

3. Mathematical and Optical Instruments. (Highly improved.) F. Arnold. 

Special premium ($5) and Medal. 

4. Artificial Legs. C. Stafford, n)4 Lake Street. Medal. 

5. Riicc;^' Hard Rubber Tru^s. I B. Seeley, 194 Lake Street. M-^d^il. 

6. PORCELAIN TEETH. JONES & WHITE, of 

Philadelphia, New York, Boston and Chicago. 
S. n. BING-HAM. Agent, 62 Randolph Street. 

Medal, In the^e specimens tuat glossy or earth-like appearance is 
entirely removed by a new process of buffing, and when placed in the 
mouth it renders them diflficult of detection, even to the practised 
eye. The Committee regard them as superior to any ever exhibited 
at our fairs. 

v. DENTAL INSTRUMENTS, of fine finish and 
adaptation. JONES & WHITE, Philadelphia, 
New York, Boston and Chicago. S. R. BING-- 
HAM, Agent, 102 Randolph Street. Medal. 

8. Artificial Leg. J. D. Goodno. Diploma. 

9. Dental and Surgical Instruments. Degenhardt, Loewe & Co. Diploma. 
10. Barometers. John Kedzie. (Dr. E. Lent, Rochester, N. Y., maker.) 

Diploma. 
IL Thermometers. John Kedzie. (George Taylor, Kochester, N. Y., maker.) 
Medal. 

12. Barometer. John Phillips. Modal. 

13. Thermometer. " " Diploma. 

14. Lnpioved Gold Bowed Eye Glasses Hud Spectacles. J.Philips. Certificate, 

15. Best Lightning Rods. Buckley & Garvey. Mi dal. 

16. Patent Salamander Insulator, Buckley & Garvey. Diploma. 
lY. " Lightning Rods. Geo. W. Hannis. Diplomi. 

21. Banning's Spin.il Prop and Brace. R. Tripp, Agent. Diploma. 

22. Tieman & Co.'s Surgical Instruments. J. H. Reed & Co., Agents. Medal. 

23. Dental Blow Pipe. F. A. Willett. Medal. 

Dr. E. ANDREWS, ) 

Dr. R. L. re a, S Committee. 

Dr. J. WARD ELLIS, ) 



CLASS IX. 

The Judges on Class IX. report as follows : we award to — 

1, 2, 7, Trunks, Valises and Travelling Bags. W. & G. S. Wright. Diploma. 
4, 5. Shifting Top and Open Buggy. H. Willets. Diploma. 
8. English Saddle. R. T. Norgrove. Diploma. 

10. Combination and Directors' Cars. M. C. R. R. Co. Medal. 

11, Trunks. John Garland. Medal. 

15, 16. Leather Hud Carpet Bags. John Garland. Medal. 

17, 18. SHIFTING TOP, AND OPEN BUG-G-Y. COAN 
& TENBROECK., 43 Randolph Street. Medal. 

19. Sleeping Car. M. C. R. R. Co. Special premium, ^10. 

GEO. E. STANTON, ^ 

ANDREW W. WRIGHT, 1 ^ 
E.U.WILLIAMS, yCommUtce. 

J. M. LOOM IS, J 



13 
CLASS X. 

The Judges on Class X. report as follows : we award to — 

1. Japan Ware Boxes. C. Flammer. Diploma. 

2, 3, 4, 21, 22, 28, 24, 26. BEST DISPLAY OF HEAVY 

HARDWARE, INCLUDING- IRON, STEEL, 
AND BLACKSMITHS' TOOLS. AND NAILS. 
E. G-. HALL, KIMBARK & CO., 190 and 192 
Washington Street. Diploma. 

5. Shaver's Patent Erasers. J. H. Johnson. Certificate. 

6. Cutlery. Degenhardt, Loewe & Co. Medal. 

T, 8, 9. Best Bank and Houi^e Locks and Trimrahigs. J. W. Newell. Medal. 
11, 12, 43. House Hydrant and Elastic Plug Faucets, and Wash and Shampon- 
ing Stand. John Hughes. Diploma. 

13. Carriage Bolts. James Berry. Diploma. 

14, 15, 16, 17, 18. Best, display of Fire Irons, Fire Stands, Coal Hods, Toilet 

Ware, &c. Allen & Dalton. Certificate. 
20, 29. Alcohol, and Pure Spirit Still, and XXX Double Tin Elevator Buckets 
Full age r & Smeeth. 'Medal. 

25. SEAMLESS THIMBLE SKEINS. E. G-. HALL, 
KIMBARK & CO., 190 and 192 Washington Street. 

Diploma. 
27. Best Carriage Springs. H. Willets. Diploma. 

30, 31. WAREHOUSE TRUCKS AND LETTER 
PRESSES. S. S. HITCHCOCK, West Washing- 
ton, cor. S. Canal. Diploma. 

32, 33. Specimens of Copper Work, (model still and tea kettle.) H. C. Van 
Sehaack, Jr., 49 State Street. Diploma. 

34, 35, 36. Tinned, and Japanned Ware and Housekeeping Utensils, Bird Cages 
&c. H. C. Van Schaack, Jr., 49 State Street. Diploma. 

37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42. Best dispLiy of Sad Irons, Pumps, Thimble Skeins, Case 
Sash Fasteners, Rolls Wove Wire, Gon^s &c. Edwin Hunt. Certificate. 

C. F. GATES, ) 

WM. M. BUTLER, [ Cmnmittee. 

JOHN HUGHES, ) 

CLASS XI. 

The Judges on Class XL report as follows: Ave award to — 

1, 2, 3. Best specimens of Burnished and Gilt Work, Looking Glass and 

Picture Frames. Foster & Jenkinson. Medal. 
4, 5. Pier Glass and Table, and Oval Mirrors in Burnished and Oil Gilt Work. 
Henry Wiggers. Diploma. 

7. Looking Glass and Frame in Burnished and Oil Gilt Work. Joseph Keitz. 

Ceitificate. 

8. 9. Earthen Flower Pots, J. M. Lobhart. Certificate. 

11. Best display China and Bohemian Ware. A. Jaeger & Co. Diploma. 

13, 14, 15. PORCELAIN, CUT and PRESSED G-LASS 
and EARTPIEN WARE. BOWEN BRO'S, 72 
Lake Street. Diploma. 

16. Gilt and Imitation Rosewood Mouldings. H. Wiggers. (No competition.) 

Diploma. 
20,21. Best collection Oval Gilt and Black Frames. G.M.Harvey. Diploma. 



N. P. WILDER, . ^ ... 
J. W. ROBERTS, ^ ^ommitcee. 



d 



14 
CLASS XII. 

Yonr Committee on Class XII. would beg leave respectfully to Report : That 
to effect a proper comparison of the numerous articles submitted to them for 
examination, they have been obliged to sub-divide the Class into several sub- 
classes, viz : 

1st, Apparatus for heating and ventilating by hot air, heated by flues, &c, 

2d, Apparatus for heating and ventilating by hot water. 

3d, Stoves for heating by direct radiation. 

4th, Cooking Stoves. 

5th, Miscellaneous. 

In the first sub-class your Committee award the 1st premium, — a silver medal, 
— to No. 15, "Lester & Co."s Patent Heating and Ventilating Furnace and Stove," 
as combining in the cheapest form a heater, an equalizer of temperature and a 
forcible ventilator. 

25. The 2d premium- — Diploma — they award to No. 25, " Churchman's Improv- 
ed Ventilating Furnace," exhibited by Walworth, Hubbard & Co. Your Com- 
mittee regret that only a model of this furnace was on exhibition. They doubt 
but little that it will prove to be one of the best, if not the very best arrange- 
ment of its kind. The principles involved in its contruction are truly scientific, 
and the arrangement for carrying out thi se principles is unexceptionable;. It 
differs from most hot air furnaces in carrying the products of combustion outside 
of the flues Avhich conduct the heated air, preventing thus the liability of the 
flues to become obstructed, and facilitating the cleansing. It heats and venti- 
lates at the same time; changes the air in the apartment, or returns it in whole 
or in part as required ; withdraws the waste air from the upper or lower part of 
the room at pleasure ; works the whole gang of pipes conducting heated air into 
one room, or a portion only, independently of other rooms ; supplies little or 
much moisture: in a \\tord, answers almost every demand of such an apparatus. 
The Committee regret that having no opportunity to see this apparatus in opera- 
tion, th^^y can only judge theoretically of its capacity and merits. 

3. The 3d premium is awarded to No. 3, a Hot Air Furnace, made by J. C. 
Hendeison and exhibited by W. F. Beecher. The merits of this furnace are its 
portable character and cheapness; its non-conducting casing, which is double 
and filled in with Plaster of Paris ; its extensive heating surface in a small space ; 
its supply of moisture to the heated air, and the facility with which the flues are 
cleansed. 

2d. Two articles were exhibited for heating air by the circulation of hot water 
within an air chamber. 

13. Brown & Biidges exhibited a Cooking Range with a hot water heater, 
which utilizes the waste heat from the range, which would otl erwise be lost up 
the ch mney. The Committee had the opportunity to see the Range and Heater 
in operation at B. F. Sherman's, on Michigan Avenue, With a moderate fiie it 
performed all the functions of a Cooking Range, heated water for distribution 
through the house, and warmed several rooms by the hot water heater which was 
placed in a flue back of the Range, and received only the heat escaping from 
the Range. Your Committee award a special Diploma to this invention, and a 
money premium of $5.00. 

28. James Hollingsworth exhibits a working model of a Hydraulic Furnace ; 
an arrangement by which a boiler and gang of hot water pipes communicate 
heat to iiir within a brick chamber, which is distributed as usud in hot air Fur- 
naces. The apparatus is self-regulating, both as regards the furnace and the wa- 
ter supply. Your Committee deem this invention highly meritorious, and when 
fully developed, have no doubt that it will rank among tfie best of the hot water 
heating apparatus. Haviig only a small working model to judge by, the Com- 
mittee do not feel able to decide fully in regard to its merits or its capacity. 
They award to it a certificate of commendation. 

3d. Sloven for Heating by Direct Radiation, — In this department the number of 



15 



articles exbibited make it impossible for your Committee to attempt a description 
of their various merits. The improveraeuts in coal stoves particularly is very 
gratifying. 

2, 29. Your Committee award the 1st premium — Silver Medal — to Nos. 2, 29, 
" MacGregors Gas Burning and Ventilating Heating Stove," exhibited by C. Metz 
and by H. C. Van Schaack, Jr. 

30. The 2d premium — Diploma — is awarded to " Stanley's Anthracite Coal 
Stove," exhibited by H. C. Van Schaack, Jr. 

81. The 3d premium is awarded to No. 31, a Parlor Cook Stove, made by 
Billing & Stow and exhibited by H. C. Van Schaack, Jr., as an article of value to 
those whose circumstances require cooking to be done in a living room. 

24. Among numerous other articles worthy of commendation, the Committee 
would mention a model of a coal gas and smoke consuming stove, invented by 
E, Hamilton. It is an exceedingly ingenious arrangement by which the gas and 
smoke are made to pass through the burning fuel by inverting the grate after 
the tire is lighted. The Committee have confidence that it will answer the object 
desired, but having no opportunity to see it in operation, cannot consider it suffi- 
ciently tested to compete with operating heaters. 

12. Your Committee desire to award a special prem'mm of $10.00 to No. 12, 
" Bridges' Patent Oil Stove Furnace," which introduces a new fuel, viz: the crude 
oils from petroleum wells and from gas-far and kerosene oil works. In this 
apparatus the oil is introduced into a chamber at the bottom of the stove or 
furnace. The oil itself is first lighted and its combustion soon generates vapor 
from other portions of oil in the chamber, which^ passing through orifices in the 
bottom of the Radiator, burns by jets continuously. The advantages of this 
arrangement are obvious: 1st, it utilizes a worthless product as a fuel; 2d, it 
furnishes a powerful fuel in small bulk, saving transportation in districts void of 
other kinds of fuel ; 3d, it bears the same relation to other modes of heating 
that gas does to other means of illumination, since a reservoir may be arranged 
to furnish a supply of the oil, by which a regulated heat may be kept up without 
any attendance of a fireman, for an unlimited period, saving all the labor of 
stoking to engines, and all watching the fires in hot-houses, etc. The apparatus 
is as yet incompleti' ; but your Committee have confidence that when perfected 
it will accomplish great results. N. M. Simonds & Co.. 50 S. Wells St. 

4th. Cooking Stoves, etc. — The articles under this head were numerous and meri- 
torious; so much so that your Committee have had much difficulty in deciding 
among the rival claims for preference. Much progress is exhibited in the econ- 
omy of fuel, in adaptation of the same stove to different kinds of fuel, and in 
convenience in practical use. 

After much deliberation, your Committee award the 1st premium — a Silver 
Medal — to No. 4, the "Triumph Cooking Stove," manufactured by J. T. Rath- 
bone, and exhibited by Wm. F. Beecher. 

I. The 2d premium, — Diploma — to No. 1, " Stewart's Cooking Stove," manu- 
factured by P. P. Stewart, and exhibited by C. Metz. 

10. The 3d premium — Certificate of Commendation — to No. 10, the "Improve- 
ment Cook Stove," made by Jewett & Root, and exhibited by Allen & Dalton. 

5, 19. The Committee would also mention No. 5, the " Good Samaritan," and 
No. 19, the " Independent" cooking stoves as worthy of high commendation. 

5th. M'lscellaneous Articles. — 26. Your Committee would spenk in high commen- 
dation of No. 26, the "Gas Heating and Cooking Apparatus" of Wm. F. Shaw, 
of Boston, exhibited by Walworth, Hubbard & Co., and award to it a money 
premium of $5.00 as a new and valuable invention. By this apparatus all the 
cooking, ironing, etc., of a family or an hotel may be accomplished by gas, with 
great convenience at all times, and with economy in hot weather. 

6. W. F. Beecher exhibits Parlor Grates, made by J. C. Henderson, which are 
worthy of mention for beauty of patterns and excellent workmanship. 

II. 0. S. Camp exhibits "An improved Bciler for Stoves," which claims to 
render lard and tallow and cook various articles without danger of burning. It 
operates as a water bath, being in fact a boiler surrounded by a case holding 



1<^ 

water. It also claims to be made of a metal which resists corrosion of acids and 
rusting. Of this no evidence was furn'shed to your Committee. 

33. "A Patent Ventilator and Damper Combined" is exhibited by A. R. k G. 
H. Miller, made by J. G. Treadwell, of Albany. It is intended to carry off 
vapors and odors arising from stoves, or to ventilate an apartment, and also 
operate as a damper to the stove. It can be readily adapted to any stove or 
heater, and in some cases would be desirable. 

All of which is respectfully submitted, 

JAS. V. Z. BLANEY, ) 

CHAS. M. GRAY, [ Commxiiee. 

J. H. EATON. ) 



CLASS XIIL 

The Judges on Class XIIL report as follows : We award to — 

1. Fine Collection of Calf Skins, Harness Leather and Alligator Skins. J 

Hayes. (No competition.) Diploma. 

2. Boots and Shoes. John Keller. (No competition.) Diploma. 

3. Fine display of Morocco. J. C. Parsons. (No competition.) Diploma. 

4. Case of Silk and Fur Hat«, of superior texture and workmanship. J. M. 

Loomis, 9*7 S. Clark street. Medal and Diploma. 
6. Drum Heads, manufactured from fresh Calf Skins. David Glotz. Diploma. 

GEO. A. FLAGG, ) 

J. C. WELSH, \ Commxiiee. 

W. H. CALVERT, ) 



CLASS XIV. 

The Judges on Class XIV. report as follows: We award to — 

1. Woolen Yarns, Hosiery, Black and Fancy Cassimeres. Exhibited by J. G* 

Stolp. Medal. The above are worthy of special commendation, and 
although without competition the Committee take pleasure in awarding 
the first premium. 

2. Bunting Flags. Gilbert, Hubbard & Co. (No competition.)' Diploma. 

T. B. CARTER, \ 

R. D. JONES, I ^ .,, 

A. BENEDICT, > i^wnmitiee. 

F. P. VAN WYCK, J 



CLASS XV. 

The Judges on Class XV. report as follows: We award to — 

1. Best display of India Rubber Goods, Clothing, &c. J. B. Ideson, 115 Ran- 

dolph Street. Diploma. 

2, 3. Best Beaver Overcoat and Cassimere Pants. A. & H. Kohn. Diploma. 

JAS. H. BOWEN, ) 

R. BENEDICT, [ Committee. 

D. D. DRISCOLL, ) 



CLASS XVL 

The Judges on Class XVI. report as follows: Wc award to — 

1, 2. Bolting Cloths. Palmer & Plamondon. Certificate. 

3. Cotton Batting. Groll & Deverman. (No competition.) Diploma. 



n 

o. BOLTING- CLOTHS. T. W. BAXTER & CO. W. 
Water Street, foot of W. Washington. Ceititicate. 

T. B. CARTER, 
R. D. JONES, 
A. BENEDICT, 
F. P. VAN WYCK, 



■- Commitiee. 



CLASS XVII. 

The Judges on Class XYII. report as follovrs: We award to — 

1, 2. Best Soda Mineral Water and Syrups. W, H. Hutchinson. Diploma. 

3. Pharmiceutieal Preparations. Gale Bros. Diploma. 

4. Chemicil Preparations. J. W. Mill. Special Prcm.um, $10. 

10. Flavoring Extracts. J. H. Reed & Co. Diploma. 

11. Star L'ghts (Candles.) S. R. Ball. (No competition.) Diploma. 

12. Salt, from Salt Manut'.icturing Co., Eist Saginaw, Michigan. S. W. Yawkey. 

Agent. Medal. 

14. Lead Pipe, Sheet and Bar Lead. E. W. Blatchford. (No competition.) 

Diploma. 

15. Writing Fiuid. Jay Dean. (No competition.) Certificate. 

16. GARVIN'S CRINICULTURAL FOR THE HAIR. E. F. GARVIN. 
P. 0. Box 292. Diploma. 

17. Bleached Winter Sperm Oil. A. E. GOODRICH & CO., 154 

S. Water street. 

18. Bleached Winter White Oil, 

19. " " Elephant Oil 

20. " " Lard " 

21. Tanner's Oil, (Straits). " " » / (No 

22. Kerosene Illuminating OiL " " " i competition.) 

23. Coal 

24. Signal Light Oil. "" " *' \ Diploma. 

25. Engine Oil. " " '* | 

26. Burning Machine Oil. " " " / 

27. Machinery Oil. 



F. SCAMMON, 

J. H. McCHESNEY, 

E. L. O'HARA, 



Committee. 



CLASS XVIII. 

The Judges on Class XVIII, report as follows : we award to — 

1. Confectionery. Scanlan Bros. Medal. 

3, 4. Preserves and Cake. Mrs. M. G. Carr. Medal. 

5. Bakers' Bread. Hugh Templeton. (No competition.) Diploma. 

7. 18. Pickles and Catsup. C. Kohler. Medal. 

8. Current Wine. Mrs. S. A. Dobbin. Diploma. 

9. Home Made Bread. Miss J. M. Chester, Age 14. Diploma. 
10. Collection of Jellies. Mrs. M. G. Carr. Diploma. 

12, 13, 14. Currant, Apple and Peach Jellies. Mrs. Lo-uisa Frisbie. Medal. 

15. Currant Wine. Mrs. Louisa Frisbie. Medal. 

16. Raspberry Jam. Samuel Faulkner. Medal. 

17. Home Made Bread. Miss Anna Hollingsworth. Medal. 

19, 20. Colored Table and White Wine Vinegar. C. Kohler. Medal. 

RICHARD SOMERS, ) 

JOHN B. DRAKE,. )■ Committee. 

N. HAWKINS, ) 



18 
CLASS XIX. 

The Judges on Class XIX. report as follows: wo award to — 

1. Wheeler's Patent Water Drawer, Gage k Soper. Diploma. 

3. Best Speeimens of Twine and Coidnge. Gilbert, Hubbard & Co. Diploma. 

4. Double Acting Pump. Pickering & Johnson, (Sakm, Iowa.) The Commit- 

tee consider this, as a Double Acting Pump, worthy of consideration, 

and award it a Diploma. 

A. L. SCRANTON, ) 

E. M. DOOLITTLE, I Committee. 

J. W. ROBERTS, ) 



CLASS XX, 

The Judges on Class XX. report as follows : we award to— 

1. Double Barrel Rifle. John Wettstein. Dii>luma. 

2. DOUBLE BABREL RIFLE. G-. T. ABBEY, 186 

Lake Street. M.dai. 

s. DOUBLE BARREL SHOT GVN, Superior Work- 
manship. a.T. ABBEY, 186 Lake St. Diploma. 

4. BEST COLLECTION OF GUNS, PISTOLS AND 
SPORTING- APPARATUS. G. T. ABBEY, 186 
Lake Street. Diploma. 

W. S. JOHNSON, ) 

E. W. HADLEY, [ Committee. 

J. W.ROBERTS,! 



CLASS XXL 

The Judges on Class XXI. report as follows: we award tO' — 

1. Ladies' Fancy Work Box and Desk. F. A. Opitz. Certificate. 

2. Blank Books with Brass End Protector^;. Fred. Munson. (No coinpetition.) 

Diploma. (Medal previously awarded.) 
8, 4. Electrotypes and Com.bination Metal Fuiniture. Chicago Type Foundry, 
D. L. Dodge, Sec't. (No competition.) Diploma. 

6. Specimens Cat d Printing. James Barnett. Diploma. 

7. Printing, Writing and Wrapping Papers. Butler & Hunt. (No com- 

petition.) Diploma. 

8. Commercial and Fanoy Printing. Beach & Barnard. Diploma. 

9. Printing Furniture (Wood.) S. J. Knies. Diploma. 

10. BEST PRINTED BOOK-BINDING. D. A. INGERSOLL. Medal. 

A. H. BURLEY, ) 

J. P. R. AFUAN, [ CommUtcc. 

J. W. ROBERTS, ) 



CLASS XXIL 

The Judges on Class XXII. report as follows.: we .iward to — 

1. India Rubber Car Spring. N. E. Car Spring Co. M. K. Jessup & Co., Agents. 

Diploma. 

2. Best Collection of Rubber Goods. J. B. Ideson & Co., 115 Randolph Street. 

Diploma. 

JACOB ROSENBERG, '] 
W. H. BUTLER. ' ^ 

JAMES H. BOVVEN, f CommUtee. 
R. BENEDICT, J 



19 
CLASS XXIII. 

The Judges on Class XXIII. report as follows : we award to — 

1. Seven Octave Rosewood Piano. W. T. Reid. Diploma. 

2. Seven Octave Rosewood Piano. John Prer-ton. Medal. 

3. Cast Iron Bell. Geo. W. Hannis, (Worthy of special commendation for 
the quality of its tone as an Iron Bell.) Cetificate. 

B. W. RAYMOND, ) 

A. W. DOANE, }■ Committee. 

s. F. BouTOiV, y 



CLASS XXIV. 

The Judges on Class XXIV. report as follows : we award to — 

1. Card Basket and Lamp Mats in Silk, Imitation of Shells. Miss Fannie 

Donaldson. Diploma. 

2. Wax Fruit and Flowers. David W. West. Medal. 

3. Shell Frame and Flowers. Mrs. M. C. Ladd. Special, $3. 

4. Wrought Counterpane. " " " Diploma. 

5. Silk Embroidered Infant's Shawl. Mrs. John Maitland. Diploma. 

6. Frames of Sea Mosses. Mrs. M. A. Bush. Medal. 

7. Worsted Work. Matilda Blumenshien. Diploma. 

8. Raised Worsted Work. Mrs. L. Harrington. Diploma. 

9. Nut Picture Frame. Elvira M. Warner. Mf dal. 

10. Chenelle, Silk and Crape Embroidery. Mrs. I. P. Nudd. Medal. 

11. Seed Wreath. Mrs. W. C. Lym.an. Diploma. 

12. Worsted Work. Mrs. W. C. Lyman. Certificate. 

13. Best Manufactured Shirts. W. H. Bruns. Diploma. 

14. Best Raised Worsted Work. Miss A. C. Dickinson. Special, $5. 
16. Raised Worsted Work. Mrs. J. 0. Perrv. Special, §2. 

19. Fancy Si'k Quilt. Mrs. 0. S. Camp. Medal. 

21. Worsted Knit Goods. By Sutton & Burkitt. Medal. 

24. Seed Wreath. Miss Mary Garber. Medal. 

25. Raised Worsted Work. Miss E. G. Clark. Special, |2. 

26. Embroidered Hearth Rug. " " " Medal. ^ 

27. Worsted Knit Goods. A. Graves. Diploma. 

28. Cotton Quilt. Mrs. W. M. Sollitt. Diploma. 

29 and 56. Silk Embroidery and Needle Work. Miss M. A. Farnham. Spe- 
cial, $3. 

31. Netted Worsted Shawl. Mrs. Jolin A. Nichols. Special, $2. 

32. Pocket Handkerchief (Needlework.) Mrs. M. A. Myers. Medal. 

33. Cotton Qailt. Mrs. Wm. Clingman. Medal. 

34. Ladies' Morning Robe (Machine Sewing.) By Mrs. E. S. F. Carter. 

Special, $5.00. 

35. Sofa Pillows. Mrs. F. Upler. Special, $2. 

39 and 4.1. Ci-ochet Bed Spread and Collars. Miss Louisa Herbert. Special, 
$2.00. 

43. Bed Quilt. Mrs. C. A. Churcher. Special, $2. 

44. Infant's Embroidered Cambric Skirt. Mrs, A. M. Churcher. Diploma. 
49. Silk Quilt. Miss Mary Y. Knies. Diploma. 

53. Embroidei'ed Wrapper and Skirt. Mrs. I. P. Nudd. Diploma. 

54 and 55. Embroidered Shirt and Moss Basket. Mrs. S. S. Hitchcock. 

Certificate. 
58, Fancy Quilt. Mrs. E. Miller. Certificate. 



20 

59. Child's Carriage Blanket. Miss E. F. Hawkins. Diploma. 

60. Table Tidy. Mrs. J. Slick. Special, $2. 



THOS. CHURCH, 

MRS. STILES BURTON, 

MRS. C. N. HOLDEN, I ^, 

MISS A. AVERILL, ^ Comnattcc. 

MRS. S. B. COBB, 

MRS. F. M. TALBOTT, 



CLASS XXV. 

The Judges on Class XXV. report as follows : we award to — 

1. Mill Drawing. Palmer <fe Plamondon. Certificate. 

2. Three Mechanical Drawings. Medal. 

3. Three Mechanical Drawings. Philip Hoffman. Certificate. 

4. Mechanical Drawing. D. C. Perkins. Certificate. 

5. 6. Three Mechanical Drawings. S. S. Green. Diploma. 

E. S. CHEESEBOROUGH,) 

J. D. WEBSTER, [ Committee. 

C. J. MAGILL, ) 



CLASS XXVL 

The Judges on Class XXVI. report as follows: we award to — 

1. Case of Stuffed Birds. F. Kaempfer. Medal. 

2. Botonical Collection. Geo. Vasey. Medal. 

3. Coll 'ction of Shells. J. W. Powt II. Medal. 

4. Collections of Fossils. M. Davis, M. D. Medal. 



J. H. RAUCH, , .y ... 

J. H. McCHESXEY, ^ ^omynittee. 



', \ "" 



CLASS XXVII. 

The Judges on Class XXVII. report as follows: we award to 

1. Oval Frames Turned in Wood. H. Wiggers. Certificate. 

2. Nests of Tea Boxes. Ludlow & Wicker. Certificate. 

3. Spinning Wheel and Wool Cards. Hooker & Jones. Certificate. 

4. Johnson's Patent Churn. Alex. St. Clair. Diploma. 

5. Collection of Wood Carving. L. E. Waessner. Diploma. 

6. Fancy Wood Whittling. Joseph Souter. Certificate. 

8. Ornamental Carved Eagle. D E. Bowen. Diploma. 

9, 10, 11, 12. Refrigerator, Housekeeping Utensils, Ironing Table, &c. H. C. 

Van Schaack, Jr., 47 State Street. Diploma. 

GEO. F. LETZ, ) 

JOHN W. ROBERTS,}- Committee. 

J. F. UUTCHINGS, ) 



21 
CLASS XXVIII. 

The Judges on Class XXVIII. report as follows : we award to 

1, 2, 3, 4. Bantum, Bramah, Black Spanish Chickens and Poland Ducks. J. I' 
Powell. Diploma. 

5. Stencil Specimens and Plates of Stencil Cutting. Childs & Bro. Diploma. 

6. COLLECTION OF SUPERIOR QUALITY OF MANUFACTURED 
TOBACCO FROM CHICAGO TOBACCO WORKS. VAN ETTA, FRIED- 
MAN & CO., River, cor. S Water. Medal. 

7. SPECIMENS OF LEAF TOBACCO. VAN ETTA, FRIEDMAN & CO. 
Worthy of special notice. 

8. Sample of Porter. F. Burroughs. (No competition.) Diploma. 

9,10. Huron and Berea Grindstones, (Superior Grit.) Thomas Hale. 
Worthy of special notice. 
11. Water Filters. John Kedzie. Diploma. 

13. Collection of the Coins of One Hundred and Thirty-four Nations (Seven 
Hundred and Thirteen Pieces. Wm. Prescott.) Medal 

14. Three Cases Fancy Goods. J. H. Reed & Co. Worthy of special notice. 

Diploma. 

15. Printed Flour Sacks. S. Farwell. Diploma. 

17. Bantum Chickens. C. G. Hutchinson. Diploma. 

18. HOUSEKEEPING ARTICLES AND FANCY GOODS, (Fine display). 

BOWEN BROS., 72 Lake Street. Diploma. 

19. Forms of Book-keeping. Bryant & Stratton. Medal. 

20. Bryant &; Stratton's Published Forms of Book-keeping. The Committee have 

carefully examined this work and pronounce it in every particular a work 
of the highest merit. It is adapted to all branches of commercial life, 
and has a finish which a large experience alone can give. We highly 
commend it to business men and to our High Schools and Academies. 
The Committee take pleasure in awarding to it the First Premium. Medal. 

21. Temperance Beverage, (Tycoon.) Carl Erler. Certificate. 

22. Model of Bust of Judge McLean. Mattee Matteo. Diploma. 

24. Book Stencil Sample. W. C. Green & Co. Diploma. 

25. Double Springs for Moving Buildings. J. S. Mclntire. Diploma. 

27. Fancy Wood and Wire Biid Cage. T. Y. Knies. Diploma. 

28. Metal Fountain. D. L. Boone, State St. Special, $10. Medal 

29. Furniture Polish. Joseph Holmes. Diploma. 



OFEISrilSTG ADDRESS 



Professor J. V. Z. BLANEY, 



Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Mechanics^ Listitute, Chicago : 

By your partiality, I have been selected to deliver the opening address of 
your tenth annual exhibition. 

The circumstandes and the occasion, which have drawn together this assem- 
blage, are of peculiar interest, denoting, as they undoubtedly do, the interest 
felt in our community in the progress of the industrial arts, represented so 
abundantly before me by the products of agriculture, the textile fabrics, and the 
mechanical arts. But not only so. You have also made room in this vast 
structure, erected, indeed, for a political contest, but now appropriated to a -com- 
mon cause, in which all, of whatever political creed, may cordially join. I say 
you here, also, make room for the arts of design, and side by side, with the raw ma- 
terial furnished by the agriculturist, I find clustered the various stages of 
manufactured products, the numberless machines by which these manufactures 
are effected, and those beautiful arts over which the Goddess of beauty is called 
to preside, and M'hich do so much to ameliorate the harshness and sternness of 
purely business pursuits, and throw a halo of pleasurable delight along the more 
rugged paths of our pilgrimage. 

The occasion and the scene, are suggestive of many subjects; but that which 
ray own habits of thought, and the circumstances of the occasion, more particu- 
larly suggest, is '* the mutual dependence of science and art, and the means to 
be adopted to secure the progress of the useful arts." 

To this subject, then, I would ask your attention for a brief period, with the 
hope that something may be said which may induce a more cordial interest to be 
felt in the thorough education of the mechanical clas?es, and incite somewhat to 
the gradual annihilation of the distinctions heretofore existing between the 
scientific man and the mechanic. 

That the industrial arts have received valuable assistance from science, is a 
proposition now generally conceded ; but the converse of the proposition, that 
the useful arts have done much for science, is not generally allowed. 

The subject thus divides itselK rationally into two inquiries: 1. How, and to 
what extent, does science contribute to the progress of the useful arts ? 2. How, 
and to what extent, do the useful arts contribute to the progress of science ? 

I have said that the fact is now granted that science does contribute to the 
advance of the arts. To contradict this proposition, in this age of the world, a 
man would stultify himself. Still it must be acknowledged, that the full force 



24 

of the fact is not sufficiently appreciated by manufacturer?, mechanics and in- 
ventors, if we may be allowed to judue them by their acts. How frequently is 
it the case, that in the attempt to produce a new, or improve an old process in a 
manufacture, immense sums of money are expended, and much valuable time 
thrown away, not merely without, obtaining the desired result, but in direct con- 
travention of well ascertained physical or chemical law?, when consultation with 
a scientific man, or, still better, a previous acquaintance of the inventor with 
the natural laws involved in the required problem, would have saved both time 
and money. 

It is not an unusual occurrence for such cases to come under my own obser- 
vation. 

A man would be set down as an idiot, who should grope his way blindfold, 
when it was in his power to tear off the bandage which obscured his vision. Yet 
many of the attempts of inventors, will fully bear the comparison. Instances are 
common, where men have labored hard by day and by night, through long years, 
and have beggared themselves, and friends, and patrons, in vain efforts to pro- 
duce impossible results by impossible raeins: — when one quarter of the time 
spent in the study of the principles of the science involved, would have proved 
in advance, the futility of such efforts, and guided to the adoption of the proper 
means to secure the end desired. 

Another stumbling block in the way of practical men, is a terrible dread of 
theories and theorists, which terms are used as terms of reproach to science and 
scientific men. This is an injustice which has been brought about by the absurd 
pretensions of scientific quacks, (for there are quacks in other sciences than 
medicine,) who have deluded their hundreds of victims, by either their ignorance or 
their cupidity. 

True science, or a truly scientific man, will never palm off theory for principle^ 
nor assert as known, that which has yet to be discovered, knowing well that 
"Art is long and life is short," he will never fear to acknowledge his ignorance 
of the unknown, or claim to know more than has been developed. Experience 
is a good teacher, but is apt to be short-sighted. The industrial sciences furnish 
the spectacles to correct its vision, and give it a wider range and clearer defi- 
nition. 

The various processes in the arts and manufactures, are, for the ni'^st part, 
based on the principles developed by the departments of natural philosophy and 
chemistry ; and while it is true that many important facts which have formed the 
basis upon which the laws of these sciences have been developed, have been con- 
tributed by the useful arts, it is equally true, that those sciences have done much 
to hasten the progress, and raise to a higher standard, the arts whence they re- 
ceived their origin. 

On the other hand, science has often developed phenomena, and from them 
deduced laws, which at the time of their discovery, have not appeared to bear 
the remotest relation to use — which have at a later period been productive of the 
most important practical results. I can only stop to present briefly two exam- 
ples : 



25 

" When Plato and the geometricians of his school discovered the properties 
of the curves, which they obtained by cutting a cone with a plane, no one could 
foresee that two thousand years afteiward, Kepler should discover the identity 
of the ellipse — one of those curves — with the orbits described by the planets 
around the sun ; or, that Newton should deduce from it, the law of universal at- 
traction, and obtain the most certain proofs of the correspondence which exists 
between the expression of this law and the geometric movements of the stars. 
But the theory of Newton in enabling the astromomer to predict with certainty, 
the most complex celestial phenomena, a long time in advance of their occur- 
rence, has furnished the most exact and reliable means of observation to naviga- 
tion and geography. Truly hris Condorcet said, 'that the sailor whom an intel- 
ligent observation of his longitude, preserves from shipwreck, owes his life to a 
theory conceived two thousand years before, by men of thought, who had noth- 
ing in view but speculations in geometry.'" 

When Malus discovered the phenomena of polarization of light — that proper- 
ty by which a ray of light is divided into two portions having opposite properties 
— it was scarcely possible to suppose that auy practical use could be made of the , 
discovery, curious though it might be. Yet this very discovery furnishes to the 
chemist an easy and expeditious mode of analysis of various organic substances, 
which could be effected but Avith the greatest difficulty by other means. By 
this means, the value of various commercial articles, sugar more particularly, 
are ascertained ; adulterations of numerous substances are readily exposed ; 
medicines and poisons detected ; the secretions and excretions of the human 
body examined by the physician, to aid him in detecting latent disease ; and the 
depths of the ocean explored without descent below the surface. 

Let not then the practical man depreciate scientific investigation. No man 
can even conceive the importance of a single isolated fact, when it gives the 
starting point of a new^ field of investigation. The quivering of a frog's leg by 
contact of two metals, has given us the Magnetic Telegraph ; the singing of a 
tea-kettle, has given us the Steam Engine. 

Liebig has said that the Science of Chemistry has never yet been intelligently 
interrogated without giving a satisfactory answer. The same is true of every 
department of science. But to obtain the answer, the inquirer must himself 
clearly understand what he requires, and be able to state his proposition in accu- 
rate terms. 

We need not dwell longer on the pi'oof that the Useful and Mechanical Arts 
owe much to Science. For the converse of the proposition that Science owes 
much to the Industrial Arts : 

Ampere, in his great work oh the classification of the Sciences, in making a 
distinction between the Arts and the Sciences, remarks : " This distinction is 
founded upon this, — that in the Sciences a man only hiows, and that in the Arts he 
knows and executes. There is then, really, when we wish to classify all the 
truths accessible to the human mind, no distinction between the Arts and the 
Sciences." 

Accepting this view of the relation between the Arts and Sciences, we make 
the one the hand and the other the head. What the former executes, the latter 



26 

must have contrived. There can, however, be no doubt that many of the u?e- 
ful arts had attained considerable perfection before the processes involved had 
been explained by Science. In the middle ages, when Science was almost sta- 
tionary, if, indeed, it can be said to have had any real existence, we find the in- 
ventions of parchment and paper, printing and engraving, improved glass and 
steel, gunpowder, clocks, telescopes, and the mariner's compass, — inventions 
which have contributed more to the advancement of Science than all those of 
a previous or a later period. 

What would be the condition of knowledge without printing, parchment, pa- 
per and engraving ? What the Science of war, so called, without gunpowder? 
What the condition of astronomical science and navigation without the clock 
and the telescope ? What of geography and commerce without the mariner's 
compass ? What the Science of Chemistry without glass ? Yet no one of these 
inventions which have so much contributed to the progress and general diffusion 
of the Sciences can be even remotely traced to theoretical antecedents. To the 
purely experimental and tentative methods of research, are we indebted for their 
initiation, and, up to a certain point, their improvement. 

In this connection, Whewell, in his History of Inductive Sciences, remarks : 
"In all cases, the Arts are prior to the related Sciences. Art is the parent^ 
not the progeny of Science, — the realization of principles in practice, forms part 
of the prelude as well as of the sequel of theoretical discovery. And thus the 
inventions of the middle ages, though at the present day, they may be portions 
of our sciences, are no evidence that the sciences then existed ; but only that 
those powers of practical observation and practical skill were at work, which 
prepare the way for theoretical views and scientific discoveries." He continues 
in the same connection : " Now Avith regard to processes of art, like those 
which we have referred to, namely, the inventions of the middle ages, let us ask 
what principle each of them illustrates ? What chemical doctrine rests for its sup- 
port on the phenomena of gunpowder, or gla-s, or steel ? What mechanical prin- 
ciple, unknown to Archimedes, was displayed in the printing press ? The practical 
value and use, the ingenuity and skill of these inventions is not questioned, but 
what is their place in the history of speculative knowledge ? Even in those cases in 
which they enter into such a history, how minute a figure do they make ! how great 
is the contrast of their practical and theoretical importance. They may in ope- 
ration have changed the fiice of the world, but in the history of the sciences 
to which they belong, they may be omitted without being missed." 

These considerations go to show that considerable attainment in Art has and 
can be made without the aid of Science ; and that the existence of those arts 
was antecedent to, and independent of the sciences, to whose progre.-s they have 
given so much practical assistance, by furnishing the implements for experi- 
ments and illustration, and the means of their diffusion. Science was obliged 
to Avait until her parent — Art — had put into her infant hands the materiils and 
implements for her sustenance and growth — had in her youth clothed her grow- 
ing and vigorous fame in her proper vestments of illuminated folios and illustrat- 
ed pamphlets ; and furnished to her more mature age, the means to travel forth 
upon her mission of truth and benevolence. Now she restores tenfold the 



27 

favors so freely bestowed by the parental hand of art, and hand in hand, parent 
and child, they labor harmoniously for the benefit of humanity. Continents are 
spanned with the iron girdle, the barriers of the oceans are obliterated, intelli- 
gence flashes from equator to pole ; unlimited space is penetrated and measured ; 
agriculture fills her teeming warehouses with golden grain ; commerce extends 
her broad sails to the remotest corners cf the earth ; knowledge and religion are 
disseminated broadcast to the isles of the sea ; humanity is elevated and rejoices 
as in a new creation. Blessed be they who contribute to the harmony between 
Science and Art, and who help to bind together their Totaries by indissoluble 
ties of a mutual interest in the progress of humanizing and elevating mankind. 

These remarks, as we have hinted, are intended as a prelude to the inquiry as 
to the best means to be adopted to procure the progress of the useful arts. 

Among other means of progress, the experience of the last half century has 
abundantly proved that industrial exhibitions, such as that whose opening we 
are now inaugurating, are of the highest importance. 

By the offer of prizes for excellence in the various departments, emulation is 
excited among practical men, and active competition neccessitates progress and 
improvement as an essential to the maintenance of position previously attained. 
Comparison of products of manufacture of implements and machines, tV.us pub- 
licly made, informs community of all improvements ; gives trade and business 
to the S'uccessful competitor, and lays the inferior article upon the shelf, or so di- 
minishes its value as to result in its immediate improvement, or its merited re- 
tirement into the history of the past. 

"By these exhibitions, the industrial resources of a country or district, at cer- 
tain period^, are focalized as it were, and brought under the notice not only of 
the public and manufacturers themselves, but of eminent, practical, and scientific 
individuals, well calculated by their attainments to decide on the merits of the 
articles exhibited, and to report the progress made by the industrial population 
of the country." — [Cyclopedia Useful Arts, page 11, Introductory Essay.] 

Nor is this all. Capital can here decide the rival claims which are submitted 
to it for investment ; and the improvements which are truly valuable, are pro- 
vided with means of immediate manufacture, and the public is the sooner sup- 
plied with the new contribution to comfort or luxury. 

The history of Industrial exhibitions, and their rapid increase in number and 
consequence, is one of the strongest arguments for their importance to the in- 
terests both of the artisan and the public. 

To the French are we indebted for the first steps toward the establishment of 
Industrial Exhibitions. " In the year five of the Republic, corresponding to 
A. D. 1797, the Marquise d'Avese was requested by the Minister of the Interior 
to undertake the office of Commissioner to the manufactures of Gobeliiis (tapes- 
tries,) of Sevres (china), and of Savonnerie (carpets). On visiting these estab- 
lishments, the Marquise found the workshops deserted ; for the artizmshad been 
in a starving condition for two years, while the warehouses were full of the re- 
sults of their labors — and no commercial enterprise came to relieve the general 
embarrassment. It then occurred to the Marquise that if these and other objects 
of industry could be collected together in one large exhibition, a stimulus might 



28 

be given to the native industry, and thus relief be afforded to the suffering work- 
men. The plan was approved by M. Francois de Neufchateau, the Minister of 
the Interior, nnd the chateau of St. Cloud was appropriated for the purpose." — 
[Cyclopedia Useful Arts, Introductory Essay, page 2.] 

Thus was initiated the first attempt to establish Exhibitions of Industry. AH 
honor be to memory of the Marqui-e d'Avese and M. de Neufchateau. 

Unfortunately on the very day announced for the opening of the exhibition, 
the decree of the Directory was announced, expelling the nobility. The exhibi- 
tion was placed in the custody of a company of dragoons, and the Marquise him- 
self was sent into exile. In the fallowing year, he was permitted to return to 
Paris, and within the year 1'798, as a result of his energy and well directed la- 
bors, the first Exposition was held, which proved so attractive and successful, 
that the Government determined to adopt the idea, and carry it; out upon a grand 
scale. 

This was the first industrial exhibition. The number of exhibitors were 110 ; 
the number of prizes 23. From this period to 1844, nine other expositions were 
held, which increased progressively in importance, the number of exhibitors 
amounting in the last to 3,960, and of prizes to 3,253. Of these, the first was 
under the Directory, the second and third were under the Consulate, the fourth 
was under the Empire, the fifch and sixth were under Louis XVIII., the seventh 
was under Charles X., and the eighth, ninth and tenth were under Louis 
Phillippe. 

It is worthy of notice, that in all the changes and the wide differences in po- 
litical views of the French nation, during the period referred to, the importance 
of these exhibitions to the manufacturing interests was never lost sight of, but 
they were steadily persevered in by the several governments, as one of the most 
powerful means of fostering and encouraging the industrial interests of the 
whole nation. 

The noble example of France in this direction, was soon imitated by other 
countries of Europe, and as early as 1836, Austria, Spain, Piedmont, Portugal, 
the two Sicilies, the Netherlands, Prussia, Bavaria, Holland, Denmark, and Swe- 
den, had established national exhibitions, and fully recognized them as important 
aids to the progress of the useful arts. 

It is curious to remark, that up to this period, England had alone as yet, had 
no exhibition of industry. In our own country, the Franklin Institute of Phila- 
delphia, had e?tablished her annual exhibitions, the American Institute of New 
York, had followed, and soon throughout our new country the importance of the 
movement to the manufacturing and mechanical progress of the country was 
recog ized. 

Your own Institution — the Mechanics' Institute of Chicago — had given three 
successful exhibitions, before the first meagre attempt had been made within the 
British dominions to establish an exhibition of art and manufactures ! It was 
remarked by a French, writer, that "England alone, of all the States of Europe, 
conceives her^^elf to be too wealthy and too superior to have reeource to such 
stimulants to industry. She depreciates and disdains such efforts. She appar- 
ently closes her eyes ; she is nevertheless fully alive to the attempts which are 



29 

now being made to diminish that inequality in the industry of nations, and con- 
sequently to cause the supremacy of one over all the others to disappear." 

It was not long before the truth of these remarks became apparent. The 
British nation awoke from their lethargy, or self-sufficiency, as you may please 
to term it, and under the auspicf^s of the Society of Arts, in ISlY, estaMished an 
exhibition on a small scale. " In 1848 the experiment was repeated with increas- 
ed success." In 1849 the Exhibition was still more successful, and the experi- 
ment culminated in the Great World's Exhibition of 1851, which wa-i thrown 
open to the competition of all the world — and it is worthy of honorable mention, 
that in that noble enterprise of the great British nation, Chicago mechanics and 
members of the Chicago Mechanics' Institute, bore away prizes in certain depart- 
ments of industry, when the whole world was in competition. 

It is ne diess to pursue this history farther in proof of the importance of In- 
dustrial Exhibitions as agents to progress in the usefvil arts. 

Did time permit, I would be olad to trace before you the effects produced upon 
the industrial arts by the World Exhibitions of England, France and the United 
States, and mark their eflfects upon the iuif rovements in machinery, in manufac- 
tures, and in chemical product^, which are clearly traceable to these grand Con- 
gressional feasts of the great industrial minds of all nations. But they have be 
come a part of the history of industry, and of allied sciences, and the subject is 
too profuse in suggestions to be properly treated on this occasion. I will only 
detain you to present as briefly as may be, one other, and, to my mind, the most 
important means of progress of the Industrial Arts, namely, the thorough 
scientific educarion of those who are to become the master mechanics, manufac- 
turers and inventors of the next generation. 

The subject of general education now claims a large share of public attention, 
and in this direction we have no complaint to make. Earnest hearts and willing 
hands are urging on to great results this great engine of civilization. Still I 
think that too little attention is paid in this country to the special education of 
young men for special walks of life, outside of the learned professions. It is 
true that within a few years past a number of valuable Institutions have been 
founded for the special education of young men who intend devoting their ener- 
gies to mercantile and commercial pursuits. These institutions have received 
the liberal support of the community, and Chicago has reason to be, and is justly 
proud of her Commercial Colleges. Our public schools and our recently estab- 
lished High School leaves little to ask for in the matter of general education of 
our youths. The facilities for study, with special reference to the learned profes- 
sions, may be considered to be equal to the demands of society. But much re- 
mains to be done to give a thorough special education to young men who are to 
be our mechanics, manufacturers and agriculturists. And why is this ? Why should 
it be considered necessary that young men who are to be devoted to the liberal 
professions and to the counting house, should need such ample special prepara- 
tion for their duties, while those who are to pursue the industrial walks of life 
are judged to require nothing beyond an ordinary English education ? 

I answer, because there is not a just appreciation in community, nor among 
practical men themselves, of the dependence of the Industrial Arts upon the In- 



30 

ductive Sciences, nor of the proper position which the L '^hanic and Manufac- 
turer should occupy in civilized soci'^ty, to whose comi convenience and 
luxury they are such important contributors. I repeat it, th , nechanic himself 
does not assert nor appreciate his proper position in society, xior can he do so 
until, by a thorough preparatory education, he elevates himself, and those de- 
pendent upon him and associssted with him, to the proper plane to which the 
importance of his pursuits to the national prosperity fully entitles him. While 
great strides have been made in the general education of the masses, within the 
last half century, the special education, in the United States, of the practical 
man, outside of the duties of the workshop, has been almost entirely overlooked. 
The only provision which has so far been made to this end, is that which is due 
to the several Mechanics' Institutes of the country, in supplying libraries, to 
which the mechanic and his apprentice may have easy access, and by courses of 
lectures upon practical and general subjects, to which is added, in some institu- 
tions, the drawing school. So far as it goes, this is well, and must be acknowl- 
edged to be a step in the right direction. But is it sufficient to the end propos- 
ed ? Do those means accomplish all the ends proposed ? I fear we must ac- 
knowledge that, if at all, it is far short of the hopes and wishes of their founders. 

The libraries, while valuable for roftrence to the accomplished engineer and 
artisan, are seldom supplied with those works which will educate the young man 
just entering his apprentisage. The courses of lectures are not sufficiently ele- 
mentary and sufficiently extended to teach with thoroughness the allied sciences 
upon which the Industrial Arts are dependent. For the most part Ihey are 
scarcely powerful to excite an interest in the study in those who attend them with 
regularity. Furthermore, there is nothing compulsory and even no inducement 
held out to the young man to be assiduous in his attention to the courses of in- 
struction to which he has access. No rewards for proficiency are held out. "No 
system of recitations or examination by which the subject is reviinved and im- 
pressed upon the mind, and a proper emulation stimulated. No diploma to work 
for as in professional schools. Hence, unless there is an unusual interest excited 
by the subject of the lectures in the mind of a particular individual, irregularity 
in attendance is almost the rule, and thoroughness in any department it is almost 
impossible to expect. 

In Europe, polytechnic schools, schools of mines and manufacturers and the like^ 
furnish ample means of study to the young man intending to devote himself to 
practical pursuits, and the pre-eminence of those countries in developing the 
the various departments of industry, is mainly attributable to the rigid prepara- 
tory education of young men before they enter the workshop. It may be an- 
swered that American ingenuity and skill h ive, within the last qnarter of a cen- 
tury, done much for the progress of the Mechanic Arts. Far be it from me to 
depreciate this indubitable fact which evinces in so great a degree the native tal- 
ent, the ingenuity, the enterprise of my countrymen. Bi\t while I fully appre- 
ciate the numberless valuable improvements in machinery for effectii.g special ob- 
jects in the substitution of mechanical or steam power for hand labor, is it not 
also a fact that comparatively little has been dene to develop any great original 
ideas in the mechanical or raanufacturinf; arts ? Is it not a fact that for original 



31 

sugirestions we have br ^■' mainly dependent upon the educated technical minds 
of Europe ; and that i- luventioni?, while accomplishing great results, arc, with a 
few honorable an(^ ".ted exceptions, only improvements on ideas originating 
abroad? Those " j have not followed with scrutiny the progress of invention 
in the TTm.,^'^ tixes, and at the same time watched the progress of discovery in 
the scientific and technical journals of Europe, may be startled by this state- 
ment, but the more the subject is investigated, the more strongly the dis- 
agreeable but incontrovertible fact will appear. 

Again, if American talent and ingenuity has effected such wonderful results 
as to diaw forth the admiration of the world under such disadvantageous cir- 
cumstances, what would have been, and what may yet be the developments of 
the next half century, if you give to our young men advantages of preliminary 
education equal to those of our cotempcraries in other countries? With such 
advantages, who shall estimate the progress of American Industry, when the 
fresh native talent, the indomitable energy, the unlimited perseverance of Young 
America, shall, by the honorable distinction sure to be won, the wealth to be 
accumulated, the general prosperity of the nation to be achieved, shall be turned 
in this direction and throw all its force into the scale to accomplish the progress 
of the useful arts ? 

In conclusion, gentlemen, permit me to ask the question : Upon whom de- 
volves the responsibility of accomplishing these great results ? Who is to take 
the ii itiative ? Who follow up the design ? Who to impress the importance of 
the movement upon the public mind ? Who to follow it to the legislative halls ? 
Who to demand from the general or State legislatures governmental assistance 
for polytechnic schools upon a scale sufficient to achieve the thorough, practical, 
and scientific education of the mechanic, the manufacturer, the agriculturist ? 
I answer, it must be done by the men who themselves are most interested in the 
movement. The liberal professions and the commercial men are provided for; 
they are not to be expected to look to your interests. And are the Mechanical 
and Agricultural interests less important to the National prosperity ? Where- 
fore, then, should they not equally enjoy the appreciative notice and fostering 
care of your legi>latures and of the common treasure? 

Gentlemen, you do not appreciate your power in the country. You have in- 
fluence, you have votes, some of you have wealth. You are a power in the com- 
munity, if you could only be brought to know it. Why should you not use all of 
these to prompt the progress of your department of knowledge, when the nation 
would be so greatly benefitted by the act. Demand your recognition as a great 
lever in effecting the national prosperity — not as a favor but as a right — and if 
not immediately, the time will come when all you ask will be granted, and the 
Arts of Industry, in our free republic, will receive the attention which their im- 
portance demands, and the educated mechanic take the position in society to 
w'hich he is justly entitled. 




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